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Morphometric Analysis of the Left Anterior Descending Artery using Coronary Angiograms: A Cross-sectional Study |
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Gaurav Kumar, Vishal Kalia, Rohit Kumar Sharma 1. Senior Resident, Department of Anatomy, Dr. RPGMC Kangra, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. 2. Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dr. RPGMC Kangra, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dr. RPGMC Kangra, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. |
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Correspondence Address : Dr. Vishal Kalia, Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dr. RPGMC, Tanda, Kangra-176002, Himachal Pradesh, India. E-mail: drvishalkalia29@yahoo.com |
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| ABSTRACT |  | ||||||
: Introduction: Conventional Coronary Angiography (CAG) is the established procedure for the detection and quantification of coronary artery stenosis and myocardial perfusion defects. The left main coronary artery typically bifurcates into the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and circumflex arteries. However, significant anatomical variations exist, particularly in the course and extent of the LAD artery as it supplies the cardiac apex. Understanding these morphometric variations, alongside cardiac dominance, is critical for accurate diagnostic and interventional procedures. Aim: To investigate the morphometric characteristics of the LAD and its relationship with cardiac dominance in a patient population with normal angiograms. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study, conducted by the Anatomy and Cardiology Departments from November 2023 to May 2025 at the tertiary health Institution Dr RPGMC Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India, examined characteristics of the LAD artery in 381 patients aged 20-80 years with a normal coronary angiogram. Data on the LAD type, length, and diameter were collected. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including student’s t-test and chi-square test, with a significance threshold of p<0.05. Results: Type III was most frequent (n=365), followed by Type II (n=12) and Type I (n=4). The mean length of the LAD artery was 100.2±10.49 mm, while the mean LAD lumen diameter was 2.17±0.23 mm. There was no statistically significant difference among the three types of LAD (p=0.595). Right cardiac dominance was more prevalent (n=321), with 60 patients having left dominance. Conclusion: Type III LAD and right cardiac dominance are the most prevalent anatomical patterns in the studied population. These findings are essential for optimising risk stratification and planning precision revascularisation procedures. | |||||||
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| Keywords : Apex vascularity, Cardiac dominance, Cardiovascular diagnostics, Coronary morphometry, Myocardial perfusion | |||||||
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DOI and Others :
DOI: 10.7860/IJARS/2026/85357.3113
Date of Submission: Nov 14, 2025 Date of Peer Review: Jan 22, 2026 Date of Acceptance: Apr 16, 2026 Date of Publishing: Jul 01, 2026 AUTHOR DECLARATION: • Financial or Other Competing Interests: None • Was Ethics Committee Approval Obtained for this study? Yes • Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes • For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. Yes PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS: [Jain H et al.] • Plagiarism X-checker: Nov 15, 2025 • Manual Googling: Apr 11, 2026 • iThenticate Software: Apr 15, 2026 (10%) ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin EMENDATIONS: 7 |
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