Original article / research Year :2026 Month : January-February Volume : 15 Issue : 1 Page : AO16 - AO20 Full Version Evaluating Bone Cleaning Methods for Educational Use by Using Student Satisfaction Index: A Cross-sectional Study Aarushi Jain, Mayanka Saxena, Pratima Jaiswal, Prateek Pratihar 1. Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India. 2. Senior Resident, Department of Anatomy, Sudha Medical College and Hospital, Kota, Rajasthan, India. 3. Sr. Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India. 4. Ex Tutor, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India.   Correspondence Address : Aarushi Jain, 1 Ka 36 Vigyan Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan, India. E-mail: aaruhi.jn81@gmail.com   ABSTRACT : Introduction: Bones play a crucial role in anatomy education programs, impacting the study of human body structure. Medical schools providing bones for self-study improve students’ understanding of osteology. The integration of student feedback and satisfaction scores has emerged as a valuable tool for evaluating bone cleaning methods. Students, particularly those in educational settings, are often directly involved in the cleaning and preparation of skeletal materials for research and study purposes. Aim: To assess student perceptions of various bone cleaning methods. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India, from February 2023 to February 2025. Bones retrieved after seven years of burial and underwent various cleaning techniques using bleaching powder (method A), sodium hypochlorite solution (method B), detergent boiling (method D), and sun drying (method E). Students evaluated the bones using a prevalidated questionnaire on colour, odour, texture, cleanliness and clarity of structures and their perception was compared using a Chi-square test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0. Results: Data analysis revealed patterns in their perceptions of bone quality, with mean scores of 3.55, 3.35, 3.42, and 3.26 for methods A, B, D, and E, respectively. These scores were comparable to the 4.15, the mean perception of commercially available bones considered the gold standard. Conclusion: Simple, low-cost indigenous techniques, particularly bleaching powder, can produce bones of acceptable quality for osteology teaching, making them practical alternatives to commercially available specimens in medical education settings. Keywords : Evaluation, Likert scale, Osteology, Perception, Preparation, Tools DOI and Others : DOI: 10.7860/IJARS/2026/82658.3082 Date of Submission: Aug 11, 2025 Date of Peer Review: Nov 17, 2025 Date of Acceptance: Dec 22, 2025 Date of Publishing: Jan 01, 2026 AUTHOR DECLARATION: • Financial or Other Competing Interests: None • Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes • Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? No • For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. No PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS: • Plagiarism X-checker: Aug 26, 2025 • Manual Googling: Dec 12, 2025 • iThenticate Software: Dec 20, 2025 (3%) ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin EMENDATIONS: 6

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