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Year :2026
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Month :
July-August
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Volume :
15
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Issue :
4
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Page :
SO01 - SO05
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Clinicochemical Profile and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Urinary Calculi: A Cross-sectional Study
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Correspondence Address :
Mohd Hamid Shafique Ahmed, Harshad Toshniwal, Vishnu Pratap, Ajit Sawant, Prakash Pawar, Siddharth Nayak, Vishwadip Bhalerao, Suraj Godage,
Dr. Mohd Hamid Shafique Ahmed,
Associate Professor, Department of Urology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical
College and General Hospital, Mumbai-400022, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: khanmohdhamid@gmail.com
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Introduction: Introduction: Urolithiasis affects approximately 10% of the population in industrialised nations and is associated with significant morbidity and economic burden. The composition of urinary stones varies geographically and influences management strategies.
Aim: To evaluate the clinical profile and stone composition of urolithiasis in patients using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the study determined the chemical constituents of urinary stones and assessed the demographic pattern, history of stone recurrence, co-morbidities, and metabolic abnormalities in this urban Western Indian cohort.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India from January 2019 to August 2021. A total of 300 patients who required surgical intervention for urinary stones {cystolithotripsy, ureteroscopy, or Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)} were enrolled. Demographic data, clinical presentation, co-morbidities, blood biochemistry, urine analysis, and urine culture results were recorded. The stone composition was analysed using FTIR spectroscopy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods.
Results: The study included 187 males (62.33%) and 113 females (37.67%), with patients most commonly aged 31-40 (n=86, 28.67%) or 41-50 years (n=76, 25.33%); 241 (80.33%) had a history of stone disease, and common co-morbidities were hypertension (n=47, 15.67%) and diabetes mellitus (n=34, 11.33%). Serum creatinine was elevated (1.71±1.04 mg/dL), while serum calcium (8.646±0.894 mg/dL) and phosphorus (2.864±0.876 mg/dL) were normal; pyuria (n=180, 60%), haematuria (n=162, 54%), and positive urine cultures (n=58/177, 32.77%) with Enterococcus (n=14, 4.67%) and Pseudomonas (n=12, 4.00%) were documented. Twenty-four-hour urinary calcium (164±40 mg/24h), phosphorus (459±300 mg/24h), and uric acid (526±120 mg/24h) were within standard reference ranges. FTIR analysis revealed all stones were mixed; major components- quantified independently per stone-included calcium oxalate monohydrate (57.76±20.99%), calcium phosphate (44.40±18.95%), calcium oxalate dihydrate (42.92±18.89%), and ammonium urate (25.95±16.14%), with totals exceeding 100% reflecting overlapping quantification in mixed stones.
Conclusion: Calcium oxalate monohydrate is the predominant constituent of urinary stones in the Mumbai population, with a peak incidence in the fourth decade of life and a male predominance. The high proportion of patients with a history of stone disease (80.33%) and associated metabolic abnormalities underscore the importance of stone analysis in guiding preventive strategies to reduce the disease burden and recurrence.
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